Protection of electrical apparatus.



F. W. PEEK, JR.

HROTECTION OF ELECTRICAL APPARATUS.

APPLHIAHON FiLEl] HOV- 30.19l4.

Patented J m 31, 1917.

Fig.3.

a HE v. E1 5 UNITED strains: T" amour OFFICE.

FRANK 4w an, or SCHENEOTAIJY, NEW Yuan, as'smnon TO GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY, A CORPORA'].

Specification 0t :a on NE YORK.

m1; APPARATUS.

an Patent. Patented July 31, 1917.

Application filed November 30, 1921.4. Serial No. 874,757.

To all whom it may wonm'ra Be it known that l, FRANK W. Penn, J12, a citizen oi" the lfnited Slates, residing at Schenectady, county of Srlu-iwctmly;State ofNew York, have invented rel-lain new and useful flmprovemonls in lrolw'tion oi li'iE.l--

trical Apparatus, of which the following [My invention relates to'line insulators, (tables, bushings, elerirical wimlings and substantially all other electrhnl ap mratus likely to be affected by almormally high frequenciis; it is particuhu'ly applicable to electrical windings wherein high iii-(aplencics are likely to build up disastrously h' h voltages through resonance. The object of my invention'is to protect electrical apparatus against the cliccts oi abnormally high frequencies by providing such apparatus with means, preferably (.listribulied throughout the apparatus, for harn'ilessl y absorbing considerable of the abnormally higl'i frequency energy.

In protecting elect-1 al apparatus I. pro fer to use alternate layers o lf an energyalir sorl'iing material. and a good dielectric, preterably disposed between the va; ous con ducting portions thereof; p or ibly also these alternate layersare uniformly dis; tributedthroughout the apparatus, but they may be located irregularly or only between larger sections of the apparatus if other considerations so dictate or any such dis- )osition is suflicient in any particular case. has in an electric winding the aluarnate layers are preferably disposed between the turnstiles" 1 between grou is of turn The good dielectric may be, and. prr ly at least takes the place of, the usual 1nsulation liietween the turns or conductors; the absorbin material is .igned partiiruhurly to absoir .1 so nmchof the energy which passes into the dielectric at high frequencies as the so-called displacement current, 'tl'hict not enough of a dangerously high lreuuency is available to do material damag,

either by building; up high voltages in resonating por tions ol' tl'ie apparatus, or otherwise; at the same time this loss at normal frequencies may be so low as not to be n'ohibitive, the

holly embodied in the same structure. lthcre they are entirely separate, the dielectric may be any suitable insulating material,

and the energy absorbing material may be icr very l'iigh resistance conductor as coho and other forms of carbon, earborundum, boron, et,c or a (,lielectric of high losses per ey in of "which asbestos is an example. It muirssary. the energy absorbin material ma y be held together. by a suite le binder as ren'icnt, varnish, etc. Where the insulating and energy absorbing materials are cmbod. ad in the same structure it may assume various forms. Among these are pasted mica containing a pronounced amount of alcohol, that is,.1nica sheets or tapes built up of small mica scraps pastedtogether with a varnish andfin. which a considerable annount'oi the alcohol of the varnish is'retaincd in the con'ipleted material the alco he]. in this case acts as the energy absorbmat rial. Altogether, the materials and Lox-ins which they may assume, rover v Wide ranges.

rtant featureof my invention is of general application in the pro 1 of electrical apparatus against high i lit:

.irlfiing" means throughout the apparatus, r. ti n I. e apparatuato be protected. lo this feature of my .iIlVBlllllOILlt is imma 'terial, speaking broadly, whether the energy r orbing means is of the type I have herein. disclosed or of some other type, though this novel energy absorbing means parf'hls il -dune. If, as hereto "a ms is electrically related to a at but a comparatively finv minls not its length, it seems impossible to take care of all possible dis turbauces and coiulitions. With my intern tion, however, no such dilliculties are'en il so all. distribution.

minim as imlim tcd above, my invention iei'icies, is the distribution of energy ticularly and peculiarly adapted to embody ore, an energy,

rorin the functions expected of it, and

part o'l my invention is peculiarly adapted applied in substantially the same way to all electrical apparatus for which it is suitable, I shall, for the sake of simplicity, describe in detail only its embodiment in electrical windings, from which embodiment its application to all other apparatus will be readily understood. In the' accompanying drawin s which form a part of this specification, igure 1 represents a section through a portion of an electrical winding embodying my invention; Fig. 2 is an elevation of an electrical coil or winding and Fig. 3 is an elevation of a portion of another electrical coil or winding, in both of which my invention is, embodied in various ways.

Fig. 1 illustrates a preferred embodiment of my invention in an electrical winding, the absorbin means being uniformly and thoroughl istributed throughout the apparatus. he conduct-01s 'or turns 1 are each surrounded by the energy absorbing material 2 which-in turn is surrounded by insulating material 3. In such an application as this the energy absorbing material and the good dielectric may be any of those 1naterials having respectively the requisite characteristics, and may be physically separate and separately applied.

As will be understood, a certain amount of energy passes into or from the insulation between each two turns during each variation of the energy in the winding, and other things being equal, the total amount of energy passing into and from the insulation at a given point in a given time, is proportional to the number of alternations or other variations within that time. This energy passing between each two conductors is, of. course also proportional to the dielectric capacity of the insulation 3 and the resistance of the absorbing material 2; with each passage of energy, some is absorbed by the material The alternate layers may be designed to entail no undue losses at the commercial operating frequencies but at the same time to absorb so much total energy at abnormally high frequencies as to substantially prevent any dangerous conditions likely to arise from the abnormally high frequencies.

Either in addition to thoroughly distributing the alternate layers of insulating material and. absorber throughout the apparatus, as indicated in Fig. 1, or without such thorough application of my invention, my invention may be applied between larger portions of any apparatus as is illustrated in Fig. 2. In the figure is illustrated a coil divided into three sections 8, J and 10, each comprising a number of turns. My invention is illustrated in this figure as applied between each two of these sections. Two forms of the specific application of my invention are illustrated; Between the sections 8 and 9 are located twolayers 11 and 12 of the energy absorbing material and between them a single layer of good dielectric insulating material 13. Between the sections 9 and 10 there are two layers of good dielectric insulating material 17 and 18 with a single layer of the energy absorbing ma-- terial 19 between the insulations. The operation of my invention in both of these cases is the same as that indicated with reference to the structure of Fig. 1; that is, the energy absorbing material absorbs energy from the displacement current through the insulating materials. In a fashion in this case too, the energy absorber is uniformly distributed through the coil of this Fig. 2 in that it is disposed between substantially similar sections of the coil.

In Fig. 3 the coil is provided with metallic plates 24, 25, 26 and 27 for electrostatically distributing the field in a well known manner or for other pur oses. Between each two adjacent plates, as or example,between the plates and 26 is located the insulating and absorbing materials which in this particular case are combined into a single structure' 28. This may be, for example, as pointed out above, sheet pasted, mica. containing a pronounced amount of alcohol. I The operation of this embodiment of my invention is similar to those heretofore described.

It will be understood that while I have described a number of forms embodying my invention, my inventionis not limited to these .forms nor limited" to these particular forms in their illustrated relations to each other and to the various forms of apparatus. Still further, as indicated above, my invention is not limited to electrical windings but is of general applicationto many other electrical devices; the application to other devices, however, it is needless to describe since those applications are substantially similar to the applications I have described and will be readily understood therefrom.

\Vhile I have described the principle-0f my invention and the best mode I have contemplated for applying it, other modifications will occur to those skilled this art, and I aim in the appended claims'to cover 115 all modifications which do not involve a departure from the spirit and scope of my invention.

What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, 120 1s:

-1. In an electrical windin alternate layeis of insulating means an means for absorbing energy from the displacement currents therethrough, disposed between per-i125 tions of the winding to rotect the windin against the efi 'ects o abnormally hig' frequencies.

, insulating distributed throughout the winding for absorbing energy from the displacement currents through said insulating means to protect the windin against the eflects of abrents through said insulating means, dis

posed between the turns" thereof to protect mallyihigh frequencies. 1

'the winding against the effects of abnorn an electrical Winding, alternate lay- 5 ers of insulating means and high resistance conducting means distributed throughout;

conducting means disposed between portions of the windings to protect the winding againstthe' eflects of abnormally high frequencies.

' i 5. In an electrical winding, alternate layers of insulating means and high resistance the winding between the turns thereof to protect the-winding against the effects of abnormally high frequencies.

6, In a portion of an electrical winding,

energy; absorbi ng means distributed throughout that portion bctwecn the turns thereof 9 to protect the winding against the efi'ects of abnormally hi h "frequencies f 7 The com ination of two electrically conducting parts, and alternate layers; of insulating means and means for absorbing energy from the displacement currents dis'-' posed between said conductin parts to pro tect said parts against the e cuts of abnormally high frequencies.

8. The combination of two electrically conducting parts and alternate layers of insulating means-and means for absorbing energy, from the displacement currents distributed between said conducting parts to protectsaid parts against the effects of abnormally high frequencies.

9. The combination of two electrically conducting parts, and alternate layers of insulating means and high resistance conducting means disposed between said conducting parts to protect said parts against the effects of abnormally high frequencies.

10. The combination of two electrically conducting parts arranged adjacent each other and energy absorbing means dis tributed between said conductingparts to protect said parts againstthe efi'ect-s of ab normallyhigh frequencies.

11. In electrical apparatus, energy absorbing means distributed throughout the apparatus between the conducting parts thereof to protect said parts-against the effects of abnormally high-frequencies.

In witness whereof, I.ha.ve hereunto set my, hand this 28th day of November, 1914.

FRANK W. PEEK, "JR.

Vilnesscs:

"Hanan Onronn, V MnncAnnr E; Woominr. 

